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Resumen
Las nuevas tecnologías en las ciencias animales han permitido la producción de animales transgénicos como una alternativa para el mejoramiento de ciertas características genéticas en los individuos de una especie. El uso de los animales transgénicos tiene amplia repercusión en la biomedicina humana y veterinaria, al igual que en producción animal. Los animales transgénicos están siendo utilizados como modelos de investigación en medicina humana; un ejemplo, es la obtención de ratones deficientes en apolipoproteína E que muestran alta susceptibilidad a la arterioesclerosis y con los cuales se facilita el análisis de los factores comprometidos en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Actualmente, varias proteínas de importancia en medicina veterinaria y humana se obtienen de tejidos animales o humanos, con costos que llegan a los 10 millones de pesos por miligramo de proteína pura; estos costos podrían reducirse al producirlas en forma recombinante, mediante el empleo de la glándula mamaria como un biorreactor natural. Sin embargo, una de las grandes dificultades en la producción de animales transgénico s es la imposibilidad de predecir el nivel de regulación y de expresión del gene en el animal resultante. En el presente artículo se muestran las alternativas tecnológicas que se están evaluando para permitir una mayor incorporación de los genes y un mejor control de la expresión de los mismos en los animales transgénicos.
Jorge Piedrahita, Universidad de Texas A&M, Collage Station, Texas, USA 77843-458
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