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Resumen
Con la finalidad de conocer el efecto de la radiación y la salinidad sobre la fotosíntesis de diferentes tipos ecogeográficos de Phaseolus vulgaris ‘cargamanto’ (andino suramericano) y ‘carioca’ (mesoamericano), se realizaron mediciones de potencial osmótico, acumulación de sodio, intercambio gaseoso, fluorescencia de la clorofila y contenido de pigmentos en hojas de fríjol cultivadas en condiciones de invernadero con solución nutritiva. El tratamiento lumínico consistió en cubrir las plántulas con una malla de polietileno que obstruye el paso de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa en 50%. Posteriormente, las plantas expuestas a las condiciones de radiación del invernadero y las plantas con sombra se sometieron a dosis crecientes de 30 mM de cloruro de sodio hasta llegar a las concentraciones de 30, 60, 90 y 120 mM, y otras quedaron como tratamiento control. El estrés salino y lumínico alteró la fotosíntesis, pero el ecotipo andino presentó una capacidad de ajuste mayor a los diferentes factores y al estrés abiótico en relación con el ecotipo mesoamericano. Las plantas expuestas y con sombra presentaron diferencias significativas en los parámetros de intercambio gaseoso, potencial osmótico y concentración de sodio en las hojas, en condiciones de estrés salino; pero en las plantas expuestas y estresadas con NaCl, las variaciones fueron más contrastantes en relación con las que se hallaban bajo sombra. La interacción de la sombra con la salinidad presentó respuestas únicas y diferenciales en comparación con las alteraciones producidas por cada factor evaluado independientemente.
Carolina Jaramillo Giraldo, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
Magíster en Fisiología vegetal, investigadora máster asistente. Estación Experimental La Suiza, Bucaramanga.
Marco Antonio Oliva Cano, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais.
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