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Resumen
Dentro de la familia Solanaceae, el género monofilético Solanum es el más grande y diverso. Dentro de este género, S. quitoense Lam. (lulo) y S. betaceum Cav. (tomate de árbol) representan dos de las especies más importantes de Solanáceas neotropicales para convertirse en cultivos prominentes en mercados locales y de exportación. S. quitoense y su pariente silvestre S. hirtum pertenecen al clado Leptostemomum del género Solanum, mientras que S. betaceum y su pariente silvestre S. unilobum pertenecen al clado Cyphomandra del mismo género. En estudios filogenéticos previos se ha reportado que el clado Leptostemomum y el Cyphomandra podrían formar un clado hermano al de Papa (que agrupa a S. lycopersicum y S. tuberosum entre otras especies); alternativamente, estos tres clados formarían una politomía al interior del género. Con el propósito de clarificar las relaciones entre los clados del género Solanum y contribuir con el entendimiento de su proceso de divergencia, el presente estudio utilizó secuencias de marcadores COSII para conducir análisis filogenéticos y de datación. Los resultados obtenidos soportan la hipótesis que indica que Leptostemomum y Cyphomandra forman un subclado hermano al clado Papa. Adicionalmente, éstos sugieren que la divergencia entre los pares S. hirtum y S. quitoense, y S. unilobum y S. betaceum ocurrió hace aproximadamente un millón y 450 mil años respectivamente, periodos que coinciden con eventos de cambio climático a los que se les ha atribuido la diversificación de varios clados andinos.
Oscar Bedoya-Reina, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
Candidato a Ph.D en Bioinformática y Genómica. Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Mosquera, Cundinamarca.
Luz Stella Barrero, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
Ph.D en Genética vegetal. Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal. Mosquera, Cundinamarca.
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