Resumen
Colombia posee siete razas de bovinos criollos adaptadas a las condiciones tropicales; el número total de animales puros es menor de 18.000, aunque si se consideran los animales criollos cruzados, dicho censo asciende a 50.000 animales aproximadamente. El Proyecto de Desarrollo Ganadero de 1986 sugirió aumentar su número y desarrollar planes de mejoramiento a nivel de finca. Estos objetivos se pueden lograr mediante un programa de evaluación genética nacional que incluya todas las razas criollas y sus cruces. El presente artículo presenta las estructuras básicas de las poblaciones y de los datos, a partir de los cuales es posible realizar una evaluación genética nacional, la cual se analiza en términos de la actual situación colombiana. Se discuten además, métodos lineales y procedimientos computacionales unirraciales y multirraciales para su manejo, y se sugiere el uso de programas de computación. Así mismo, se plantea una estrategia general para desarrollar dicho Programa Nacional de Evaluación Genética, enfatizando en algunos aspectos específicos desde el punto de vista colombiano. La implementación de dicho programa beneficiaría la conservación y el desarrollo de las razas criollas y de sus cruces, además de servir como modelo para desarrollar de manera sistemática la evaluación genética de los bovinos colombianos.
Mauricio Elzo, University of Florida, Gainesville (Florida), 32611-0910, U.S.A.
Departament of Animal Science.Carlos Manrique P., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santa Fe de Bogotá.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia.Gustavo Ossa, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
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