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Resumen
El chancro del tallo y la sarna negra de la papa son enfermedades ocasionadas por el hongo Rhizoctonia solani grupo de anastomosis tres (GA-3PT), el cual afecta raíces, tallos y tubérculos de papa y reduce el rendimiento de los cultivos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la diversidad genética de R. solani GA-3PT presente en los departamentos colombianos de Antioquia, Boyacá y Cundinamarca. La restricción enzimática de la región ribosomal (RFLP, por sus siglas en inglés) ITS-5.8S permitió la diferenciación e identificación específica de los grupos de anastomosis GA-3PT y GA2-1 y confirmó que el GA-3PT es el principal agente causal y origen etiológico de la enfermedad en Colombia. Mediante amplificación aleatoria de marcadores microsatélites (RAMs), por sus siglas en inglés), se observaron dos agrupamientos dentro de R. solani GA-3PT; el GA-3PT (A) comparte un índice de similitud del 78 % entre sí, en comparación con el GA-3PT (B) que presenta una similitud del 79 % entre sus aislamientos. Los agrupamientos no están relacionados con su origen geográfico, sino con el grupo de anastomosis al que pertenecen. La diversidad genética de Nei [D] de 0,25 confirma una alta diversidad genética para el GA-3PT mediante análisis RAMs, relacionada con un alto potencial evolutivo al interior del grupo GA-3PT en Colombia. Finalmente, el hongo R. solani GA-3PT que se obtuvo en Cundinamarca tiene potencial adaptativo para emerger como patógeno de la papa criolla (Solanum phureja) en Colombia, posiblemente, debido a la semejanza de los patosistemas.
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