Resumen
Los oxisoles de la altillanura en Colombia contienen hasta 400 mg/kg de fósforo. Sin embargo, la fracción disponible para las plantas es inferior a 3,5 mg/kg, lo que obliga la suplementación con fertilizantes fosfóricos. Las plantas pueden adaptarse a estas condiciones por medio de interacciones con bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfatos (BSF) presentes en el suelo. Los oxisoles serían una potencial fuente de BSF; no obstante, existe un desconocimiento de su diversidad en la altillanura colombiana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar, caracterizar e identificar BSF de oxisoles de la altillanura colombiana. A partir de muestras compuestas de suelo con cultivos transitorios y sabana, se obtuvieron 42 aislamientos. De estos, 14 cepas mostraron índices de solubilización de fosfatos entre 1,2 y 2,4. Las cepas M15 y M18 se seleccionaron por su alta actividad de las fosfatasas ácidas con 297,7 ± 89,6 y 638,3 ± 31,2 μg de p-nitrofenilfosfato/mL/h, respectivamente. Los dos aislamientos promovieron el crecimiento vegetal en plantas de arroz en condiciones de invernadero. Mediante la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rRNA, las dos cepas fueron identificadas dentro del género Burkholderia. Esta investigación amplía el conocimiento de las BSF presentes en los oxisoles de la altillanura colombiana, así como sus capacidades para favorecer la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo y promover el crecimiento vegetal.
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