Resumen
Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros Glomus, Entrophospora y Gigaspora. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género Glomusen raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas.
Ana María Serralde , Corporaci�n Colombiana de Investigaci�n Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
Investigadora del Programa Nacional de Recursos Biofísicos. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía Mosquera.
María Margarita Ramírez , Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
Investigadora del Programa Nacional de Recursos Biofísicos. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía Mosquera.
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