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Resumen
Se ha utilizado agua tratada magnéticamente (ATM) para promover el rendimiento de biomasa en diferentes cultivos. El ají Tabasco es un cultivo de alta demanda hídrica, pero suele cultivarse en áreas con suministro de agua limitado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del ATM en la fisiología y el rendimiento de biomasa del ají Tabasco bajo déficit hídrico. El experimento consistió en dos grupos de plantas distribuidas al azar, que recibían agua normal y ATM bajo dos niveles de riego (100 % y 50 % de la capacidad de campo, CC) durante todo el ciclo de vida en casa de malla. Se evaluaron la biomasa de frutos, la fotosíntesis, el potencial hídrico y el estado del tejido foliar. El rendimiento frutal mostró un aumento no significativo en las plantas con ATM en ambos niveles de riego, aunque se detectaron efectos grandes y medianos con respecto al peso seco y el número de frutos por planta (aumento > 16 %). Con respecto a los parámetros de la fotosíntesis, solo el rendimiento cuántico mostró un aumento significativo, a pesar de que la asimilación neta y la conductancia estomática tuvieron un incremento del 17 % y 28 %, respectivamente. Al 50 % de CC, sin importar el tratamiento utilizado, los parámetros fotosintéticos y el potencial hídrico de las hojas se afectaron gravemente, pero sorprendentemente, el contenido relativo de agua y la pérdida de electrolitos en hojas no se vieron afectados de forma significativa. A pesar de que los efectos fisiológicos del ATM observados en este estudio fueron poco significativos, el tamaño del efecto sobre el rendimiento frutal fue notable al final de los experimentos. Por lo tanto, la aplicación de ATM podría ayudar a mejorar la eficiencia del uso del agua en ají Tabasco en combinación con estrategias de riego reducido.
Jhony Armando Benavides-Bolaños, Asistente de investigación
PhD candidate in Soil Science & INTAD. MS in Soil Science & INTAD (The Pennsylvania State University, State College PA). Agricultural Engineer (Universidad del Valle-Colombia). FAA licensed Remote Pilot.
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