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Resumen
La actividad humana en el sector agropecuario ha tenido consecuencias ambientales y sociales en la sostenibilidad de las prácticas productivas. En términos ambientales, la agricultura convencional genera la erosión de suelos, la contaminación y el alto consumo de cuerpos de agua, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, la deforestación, la pérdida de biodiversidad, entre otras. El objetivo de este artículo fue el de identificar por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura los impulsores que llevan a los agricultores a adoptar o asumir actividades enmarcadas en la agricultura sostenible. Se diseñó una ecuación de búsqueda con las palabras clave más adecuadas y se recuperaron un total de 118 artículos. Del primer filtro se seleccionaron 47 artículos que se leyeron en su totalidad y se construyó una matriz con los siguientes criterios: país de estudio, sector agrícola, actividad adoptada, impulsor y clasificación de externo o interno al agricultor. Se utilizó el software Vantage Point 10.0 para graficar y analizar los resultados. Se encontraron 259 impulsores; los principales fueron la educación, la afiliación con organizaciones de agricultores, los ingresos familiares, la tenencia de la tierra, el acceso al mercado, a la información y al crédito, el tamaño de la finca, la edad y la experiencia. Estos impulsores pueden contribuir a nuevos estudios sobre la adopción o aceptación de estos en las actividades agrícolas enmarcadas en la agricultura sostenible.
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