Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar mediante un enfoque multivariado fuentes de variancia para los caracteres productivos a la faena en pollos broiler machos y hembras criados bajo dos densidades de alojamiento. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en una granja comercial del noreste de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se alojaron 54.000 pollos Cobb500® de un día de edad en lotes mixtos, en dos galpones oscurecidos de ventilación forzada. Se ensayaron dos densidades de alojamiento: densidad estándar (14 pollos/m2 = 29.000 aves) habitualmente utilizada en la granja y densidad reducida (12 pollos/m2 = 25.
000 aves). Las aves se faenaron a los 41 días y se evaluó el peso limpio (PL), el rendimiento de la canal (RC), de pata-muslo (RPM) y de pechuga (RP) y la proporción de grasa (PG). Los datos de las cinco variables se analizaron en forma conjunta, para cada sexo por separado, con la técnica multivariada de componentes principales. Las dos primeras componentes principales (CP1 y CP2) explicaron el 79 % de la variancia total de los datos correspondientes a los machos y el 81 % de los datos de las hembras. CP1 se asoció principalmente con el peso limpio y el rendimiento de la canal y CP2 con el rendimiento de pechuga y pata-muslo y la proporción de grasa abdominal. Los pollos alojados con mayor densidad presentaron mayor rendimiento de la canal, debido, en parte, a la mayor proporción de grasa acumulada en el abdomen, como consecuencia de su crecimiento a un peso final más bajo lo que implica diferencias en el balance energético.
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- aves de corral
- condiciones ambientales
- producción industrial
- rendimiento
- tasa de crecimiento
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