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Resumen
El cambio climático y la pérdida de hábitat natural reducen la cantidad y diversidad de polen, contribuyendo con la desnutrición de las abejas, que conlleva a menor postura, disminución en población de abejas y bajo desempeño productivo. Ante esta realidad, se utilizan dietas artificiales con el objetivo de reducir el impacto negativo de la escasez de polen. En el presente estudio, se escogieron 16 colonias de abejas (Apis mellifera) comerciales instaladas en cultivo polifloral. Dichas colonias recibieron dos tratamientos (T0: sin suplemento proteico y T1: con suplemento proteico Prosise ®). Ambos tratamientos recibieron jarabe de azúcar como estimulante (1kg azúcar/1kg de agua) y dos tiras de Wangs ®, con 40mg de tau fluvalinato por cada tira como preventivo contra varroasis. El uso del suplemento proteico aumentó significativamente (p<0.01) el número de marcos con cría (11,88 ± 0,83) y población de abejas (31297,50 ± 2779,30) respecto con las colonias que no fueron suplementadas (9,88 ± 1,13) y (22230,00 ± 2143,70) respectivamente. Nuestros resultados indican que la suplementación proteica aumenta la cría y la población de colonias de abejas comerciales en cultivo polifloral. Además, se recomienda evaluar la digestibilidad, la vida útil, el efecto sobre la producción de miel, acopio de polen. En adición, para una mayor precisión en la formulación de la dieta se aconseja evaluar el aporte nutricional del polen disponible y cubrir las deficiencias con la dieta artificial; no obstante, es más complicado de realizar en cultivos poliflorales que en monoflorales.
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