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Resumen
El aumento de la producción de camarón en Ecuador podría impulsar de manera significativa el desarrollo económico de la nación y permitir la explotación sostenible de sus recursos naturales. Con respecto a la inversión, comercialización y planificación de la producción, se requieren herramientas de diagnóstico que ayuden a los empresarios camaroneros en el Ecuador. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la posición competitiva de la industria camaronera de Ecuador y sus rivales directos en el mercado mundial. Se utilizó los datos de exportación del International Trade Centre y de la cámara nacional de acuacultura de Ecuador de los cinco principales países exportadores de camarón. Se escogió el período 2018-2022 que tenía la información disponible al momento de empezar la investigación. Para el análisis de competitividad se utilizó la metodología de Balassa y se realizó un análisis estadístico para validar los hallazgos. Los resultados demostraron que Ecuador tiene una ventaja competitiva significativa en comparación con sus principales rivales, Argentina, India, Indonesia y Vietnam. El análisis muestra que Ecuador tiene el potencial de ganar mayores participaciones de mercado en el comercio mundial de camarón, a pesar de ocupar el puesto 70 y 97 respectivamente en el Índice de Competitividad Global 2017-2018 y el Índice de Desempeño Logístico 2018. Es necesario establecer planes estratégicos de producción para las empresas camaroneras ecuatorianas con el fin de adaptarse a las demandas del comercio mundial y avanzar en la tecnología de producción y cadena de suministro para que Ecuador pueda acceder a mercados mundiales adicionales.
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