Resumen
El control de ectoparásitos en el sector ganadero implica el uso de productos químicos para prevenir pérdidas en la producción. En las pequeñas fincas productoras de leche del departamento de Córdoba, el uso del sistema de bombeo para el baño del ganado es habitual en las actividades agropecuarias. En este trabajo se evaluó la eficiencia de degradación de cipermetrina en tres humedales construidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal a escala de laboratorio, plantados con las especies Limnocharis flava, Cyperus papyrus y Alpinia purpurata sp., y un sistema sin plantar. De igual forma, se determinó la retención de sólidos suspendidos totales (SST), fósforo total (PT) y demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) como indicadores del recurso hídrico. Inicialmente, la muestra fue sometida a un tratamiento primario con filtro de arena, flujo descendente-ascendente, y posteriormente un tratamiento en el sistema de humedales operado bajo flujo continuo de 7 ml/min. El humedal que contenía la especie Limnocharis flava presentó mejores resultados para la degradación de compuestos orgánicos con 97,9 ± 2,5 % (cipermetrina) y 69,1 ± 3,7 % (DQO), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) respecto al sistema sin plantar. Las remociones más altas de SST seobservaron en los humedales con Cyperus papyrus,hasta 62,0 %, aunque no se presentaron diferencias con los otros sistemas plantados evaluados, estas fueron significativamente mayores a los humedales sin plantar.
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