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Resumen
El mercado de la fresa en Cundinamarca (Colombia) se rige por el tamaño del fruto, sin tener en cuenta el estado de maduración y calidad nutricional del mismo. Por esta razón, se determinaron las diferencias fisicoquímicas en frutos de siete variedades de fresa (Albion, Dulce Anna, Lucia, Monterey, Ruby June, Sabrina y Ventana) cultivadas en el municipio de Sibaté, segundo productor de Cundinamarca. Se analizaron frutos recolectados de un predio productivo con condiciones homogéneas de manejo, en seis estados de madurez determinados por su grado de pigmentación roja (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) de acuerdo a la Norma Colombiana NTC 4103. Se evaluó el peso fresco, tamaño, color, firmeza, solidos solubles totales (SST), acidez total titulable (ATT), índices de madurez y de respiración. En los estados 4, 2 y 3 los frutos desarrollaron su mayor tamaño y peso, destacándose la variedad Dulce Anna. Los valores más altos en el índice de color se encontraron en el estado de madurez 5, especialmente en la variedad Ventana, seguida de Albion, Ruby June y Sabrina. Los valores más altos de firmeza, en los estados 4 y 5, se observaron para Ventana y Sabrina. Las variedades Sabrina, Dulce Anna y Monterrey acumularon la mayor concentración de SST, mostrando las dos últimas la mejor relación de madurez. Las tasas de respiración aumentaron con la maduración, especialmente a partir del estados 3. Los resultados ofrecen un criterio de selección en el punto óptimo para consumo, acorde con la variedad y sus características más relevantes.
David López-Valencia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Ingeniero Agrónomo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Manuel Sánchez-Gómez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Ingeniero Agrónomo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
John Fabio Acuña-Caita, Universidad Nacional
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrícola, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional
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