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Resumen
El mercado de la fresa en el departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia) se rige principalmente por el tamaño del fruto, sin valorar su estado de maduración ni su calidad nutricional, desaprovechando su potencial organoléptico y nutritivo. Por esta razón, se determinaron las diferencias fisicoquímicas en frutos de siete variedades de fresa: Albión, Dulce Ana, Lucía, Monterrey, Ruby June, Sabrina y Ventana, cultivadas en el municipio de Sibaté, Cundinamarca. Se analizaron frutos recolectados en un predio productivo en condiciones homogéneas de manejo, en seis estados de madurez, determinados por su grado de pigmentación roja, de acuerdo con la Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 4103. Se evaluaron peso fresco, tamaño, color, firmeza, sólidos solubles totales, acidez total titulable, e índices de madurez. y de respiración. En los estados 4, 2 y 3, los frutos desarrollaron su mayor tamaño y peso, y se destacó la variedad Dulce Ana. Los valores más altos en el índice de color se encontraron en el estado de madurez 5, en especial en la variedad Ventana. Las mayores firmezas se registraron en los estados 4 y 5 en Monterrey y Ventana. Sabrina, Dulce Ana y Monterrey acumularon la mayor concentración de sólidos solubles totales, y las dos últimas mostraron la mejor relación de madurez. Las tasas de respiración aumentaron con la maduración, sobre todo a partir del estado 3. Los resultados sugieren que los puntos óptimos para la comercialización y el consumo son los estados 3 y 4, debido al mayor índice de madurez y peso del fruto. Entre las variedades estudiadas, Monterrey sobresale por sus mayores firmeza e índice de madurez.
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