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Resumen
La alicina (All) es un bioactivo con actividad antimicrobiana, antioxidante y de alta efectividad en el control de insectos y el quitosano (Qs) forma nanoencapsulados al interactuar con tripolifosfato de sodio (tpp), por lo que al pensar en la síntesis de nanoencapsulados como sistemas portadores de All con efectos fitosanitarios es de interés agroindustrial. Por lo anterior, en este estudio se sintetizaron y caracterizaron nanoencapsulados de All (NQsAll) mediante la técnica de gelificación ionotrópica. La síntesis consistió en: (i) formulación de complejos All:Qs en proporción de 0,2 g de All por 1 g Qs, partiendo de una solución de Qs (1%p/v) y un fitosanitario comercial con concentración de All = 0,6 % p/v; (ii) obtención de los sistemas NQsAll partiendo de All:Qs adicionando tpp (0,06 % p/v). Se evaluaron dos relaciones en masa de TPP:Qs (5:1 y 3:1) y por medio de ftir-atr se observaron las bandas correspondientes a los grupos sulfóxidos (1119 cm-1), la vibración de estiramiento de las aminas primarias vinculadas a All (1072 cm-1), se comprobó la interacción electrostática de TPP:Qs y se determinó el diámetro medio de partícula (DM) y el potencial-Z (PZ) de los sistemas. La relación TPP:Qs influye significativamente, siendo NQsAll (5:1) la que presentó una mejor estabilidad y un menor tamaño (PZ = 0,67 mV; DM = 144,6 nm). Se evaluó el porcentaje de inhibición del radical dpph• comprobando que la nanoencapsulación preservó la capacidad antioxidante. Así, NQsAll (5:1) mostró el mejor desempeño para formular un sistema nanoportador. Estos sistemas son una buena alternativa para la conservación de All e incrementan la dispersión y la humectabilidad durante la aplicación en el cultivo.
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