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Resumen
actualmente, se están produciendo ceras por hidrotratamiento de aceite de palma, sin embargo, los productos obtenidos no siempre alcanzan las condiciones de punto de fusión y dureza requeridas por la industria cosmética. Debido a esta problemática, el interés de este trabajo fue evaluar un proceso de cristalización sin solvente con el objetivo de incrementar la temperatura de fusión y los rendimientos másicos de la biocera, acercándolos a los intervalos de los valores de las propiedades fisicoquímicas que requiere el mercado. Para cumplir con este propósito, se determinó el rango operativo de la temperatura de cristalización por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (dsc) y difracción de rayos X (drx). Una vez conocidos los puntos de cristalización, se procedió a calentar la muestra hasta los 50 °C y seguidamente se realizó un enfriamiento controlado hasta que la biocera 1 alcanzara los 40 °C para y de 30 °C para la biocera 2, y a estas temperaturas se consiguieron dos fracciones (líquida y sólida). Las fracciones sólidas presentaron un incremento en la temperatura de fusión de 47 °C a 49 °C para la biocera 1, y de 45 ºC a 47 ºC para la biocera 2. El proceso de cristalización no separó las diferentes familias de compuestos presentes en las bioceras, por lo que no se evidenciaron cambios significativos en los parámetros índice de acidez, saponificación y yodo. Además, futuras investigaciones en otras técnicas de refinación complementarias a la cristalización, como neutralización y decoloración, permitirán a la biocera de palma cumplir con los criterios de calidad internacionales para ser utilizada como ingrediente en las industrias cosmética y farmacéutica.
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