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Resumen
Jatropha curcas L. ( JCL) es una planta tropical en proceso de domesticación con uso multipropósito, principalmente, para biodiesel. La caracterización del fruto permitirá reconocer el aprovechamiento del aceite para la sustitución de la energía fósil y el potencial uso de los otros componentes. Por esta razón, se realizó la valoración e identificación de los componentes del fruto y sus posibles usos en un experimento ubicado en el Tolima (Colombia). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 15 variedades y 3 repeticiones, mediante el uso de una unidad experimental de 20 plantas establecidas con una distancia de siembra de 3 x 2 m. La valoración del fruto mostro seis componentes: pulpa, semilla, cascarilla, almendra, torta y aceite. La participación de cada componente fue la siguiente: pulpa 73,9 % y semilla 26,1 %. La pulpa presento nitrógeno (1,1 %) y potasio (9,7 %), además de elementos menores (manganeso, zinc y hierro). La semilla mostro dos componentes: cascarilla (29,9 %) y almendra (70,1 %), con un valor energético de la cascarilla de 4.155 kcal/kg. De la almendra se obtuvo aceite (44,1 %) y torta (55,9 %). El aceite presento en mayor proporción dos ácidos grasos: oleico (40,3 %) y linoleico (38,6 %), y la torta, un contenido de proteína del 62,0 %. El aceite de JCL tiene potencial para biodiesel; la pulpa, como biofertilizante; la cascarilla, para la cogeneración de energía; y la torta, para alimentación animal.
Luis Fernando Campuzano-Duque, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)
PhD, Colegio de Postgraduados y Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo. Investigador PhD, Corpoica. Villavicencio, Colombia.
Luis Alberto Ríos, Universidad de Antioquia
PhD, Universidad Técnica de Aachen. Investigador PhD, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia.Fernando Cardeño-López, Universidad de Antioquia
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